Environmental and amenity monitoring of surface water quality in danube lakes for drip irrigation
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Abstract
The main principles of assessing the quality of irrigation water in the Danube lakes for drip irrigation systems according to agronomic, environmental and technical criteria are considered. Agronomic criteria are aimed at preventing the deterioration of soil fertility (salting, salinization, and alkalization) and toxic effects on the crops themselves. Environmental criteria are aimed at preventing deterioration of the quality of crop products (accumulation of harmful substances in the harvest) and reducing the negative impact on the environment. Technical criteria are aimed at preventing harmful impact on elements of the irrigation network and the hydro- ameliorative drip irrigation system. To achieve the goal of the work, the following tasks were implemented: appropriate calculations were made to assess the content of toxic salts, trace elements and heavy metals, suspended sediments of organic and mineral origin in irrigation waters, and the concentrations of phenols, petroleum products and synthetic surfactants were assessed relative to the maximum permissible indicators. The study found that according to agronomic criteria, the irrigation waters of the Danube lakes Kugurlui and Cahul correspond to the I quality class and can be used for drip irrigation systems on soils of different mechanical composition without restrictions. The surface waters of the Yalpug, Kitay and Katlabukh reservoir lakes correspond to the II quality class both in terms of average annual and maximum values II of hydrochemical indicators. The use of water of this quality for drip irrigation systems has a toxic effect on plants, inhibiting their growth and vegetation, and leads to the development of secondary soil salinization. The ecological-hygienic and ecological-toxicological state of irrigation waters from the Danube lakes does not threaten the reduction of the ability of soils to self-purify, the deterioration of the hygienic state and nutritional quality of agricultural products. Ecological and reclamation monitoring of turbidity and salt content in the surface waters of the studied water bodies showed that the least polluted in terms of suspended solids and total salt concentration were the lakes Cahul and Cugurlui. Irrigation waters of other studied lakes were assessed as «limitedly suitable» for micro-irrigation.
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